Pigment gallstones Pigment stones originate from abnormal bilirubin metabolism, since bile of patients with black or brown pigment stones contains excess amounts of unconjugated bilirubin [83]
(2023) 325(5):E540e51
For additional information on obesity rates and racial disparities, see KFFs policy watch: What are the Implications of New Anti-Obesity Drugs for Racial Disparities
Nogueiras R, Nauck MA, Tschp MH
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Topical Analgesics Topical analgesics including lidocaine patches and creams, capsaicin, and topical NSAIDs, have not been studied in patients with cirrhosis, but are generally considered safe given minimal systemic absorption [62, 63]