Besides GLP-1, DPP-4 also has other substrates and their elevation by DPP-4 inhibition can also contribute to a normalization of glycaemia in type 2 diabetes (indirect target or off-target) (10)
In these cardiovascular safety trials, in secondary or exploratory analyses, GLP-1 receptor agonists were also shown to reduce macro-albuminuria, an accepted surrogate marker for diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a condition that still represents a major unmet medical need
Additionally, the N-terminal extension may partially shield protease-sensitive sites on the IGF-1 backbone from insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and other endopeptidases
While GLP-1s have proven life-changing for people with diabetes, obesity, and other medical conditions, using them for cosmetic weight loss has always seemed a little extreme to me, at least for noncelebrities whose very income doesnt hinge on fitting societys expectations of what a person should look like
However, there is limited direct human trial evidence for the specific combinations commonly discussed online
Theres a network of places that decides whether youre going to have hunger or youre going to have satiety