Chew NW, Figtree GA, Kong G, Vernon S, Muthiah M, Ng CH, et al
This is thought to result from enhanced satiety signaling in the brain, particularly in the hypothalamus, where these gut hormone pathways converge to regulate hunger
During energy deprivation, astrocytes metabolize fatty acids by -oxidation to produce ketone bodies and transfer ketone bodies via APOE lipid carriers to neurons that in turn use the ketones to produce ATP in mitochondria [59]
Meals can feel less experimental, and food decisions may take less mental effort
Patients experience abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, and potential complications including strictures, fistulas, and abscesses
Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (32:02): I don't know about health span, but because certainly there's been so many studies with metformin and there's been a lot of wonderful data showing an effect on the epigenetic clocks, but not really an effect on lifespan because that metformin is so widely used